
At last, we meet the man in charge of running the Roman province of Britain. He's a popular leader and a successful general - he is Agricola! But, as he discovers, all is not well in camp...
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Agricola
AGRICOLA
Short, to-the-point biography of the Roman general and governor of Britain (77-84AD).
A longer description of Agricola's time in charge of Britain.
Detailed webpage from Roman-Britain.co.uk quoting, and linking to, the known ancient references to Agricola. (Archived site may be slow to load.)
Fantastic, interactive map of Agricola's military campaigns in Britain...and much more besides.
A Roman mystery. Did Agricola's fleet, not just sail around Britain, but strike further north and reach Shetland (known as Thule)? This scholarly website proposes just this feat by re-examining the Latin words of Tacitus. A website of interest to older students, highlighting that there are many unanswered historical questions left to explore. (Archived site so please be patient while it loads.)
The lead water-pipe from Chester (as shown on p.91 of CLC BkIII) tells us that it was made when Vespasian was consul for the 9th time, Titus consul for the 7th time and Gnaius Julius Agricola was the Imperial Governor (Legate of Augustus, as Pro Praetor) - in other words made in the year 79 AD.
We know most about Agricola from his son-in-law - the historian
TACITUS
The Roman Army
See also our links on:
THE ROMAN ARMY
XX Legion
Terracotta tile, called an antefix, from Chester made by the Twentieth Legion (Legio XX) which occupied Chester during the 90's AD. At the top it shows a victory trophy with crossed spears and shield, and below, a wild boar, emblem of the Twentieth Legion. Antefixes were set at intervals along the eaves of buildings covering the open ends of semi-cylindrical tiles (see p.59 of CLC BkIII for an illustration).
In the British Museum.
XX LEGION
A site devoted to the XX Legion, including sections on its history and role, its military bases and its famous boar emblem.
Detailed site from roman-britain.co.uk quoting and linking to the known epigraphic references to the legion. (Archived site, please have patience while it loads.)
As described above in the Title-Page link...
History, inscriptions, reconstructions and images of Viroconium (modern Wroxeter in Shropshire) where Agricola first took command of the XX Legion. (Archived site, please have patience if it is slow to load.)
The Romans in Scotland
THE ROMANS IN SCOTLAND
Great website packed full of information, photos and maps.
Good description of the battle, including link to a map of possible locations for the battle.
Highly detailed look at the battle, including all literary sources, reconstructions and possible locations.
Photos of one of the possible sites of the Battle of Mons Graupius - Mount Bennachie near Aberdeen.
Head of a Celtic bronze war trumpet, or carnyx, dating around 100BC-100AD. It's the oldest surviving musical instrument in Scotland, and a rare find: this is just 1 of only 5 to be found Europe-wide. It once looked like this reconstruction, and was held vertically high into the air.
Found at Deskford in Banffshire, Scotland; now in the National Museum of Scotland, Edinburgh.
As shown on p.101 of CLC BkIII.
Detail of a commemorative stone slab from the Antonine Wall in Scotland. The work of building the wall in 142-143AD was undertaken by the three legions which then formed the permanent Roman garrison of Britain: the Second Augusta, the Sixth Victrix, and the Twentieth Valeria Victrix. To mark the completion of their work, the legions erected these commerative, so-called "distance slabs".
In the National Museum of Scotland, Edinburgh.
As shown on p.103 of CLC Bk.III.
Statuette of Mars, c.150 AD found at Balmuildy Fort on the Roman Antonine Wall in Strathclyde Region, Scotland.
In the Hunterian Museum, Glasgow.